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Asm. Robert C. Carroll
District 44
Democrat
First elected 2017
Robert C. Carroll has represented AD-44 since 2017 in one of the most heavily Democratic districts in New York State, carrying a D+69 registration lean and winning his 2024 general election by a margin of 70.6 points against John L. Bennett; the district is rated Safe D under all modeled electoral environments, and no competitive election has occurred in the seat across a decade of recorded results. AD-44 is a majority-renter, highly educated urban district with a median household income of $128,641, 65.1% of residents holding a bachelor's degree or higher, a homeownership rate of 37.5%, and a racially diverse population that is 55.7% white, 17.2% Asian, 15.3% Hispanic, and 8.0% Black, with Democrats holding 75.2% of voter registrations against 6.4% Republican. Carroll sponsored 114 bills in the 2025 session, with the largest concentrations in Election law (22 bills), Education (17 bills), and Public Authorities (12 bills), followed by Tax (9 bills) and Real Property Tax (7 bills). No committee chairmanship is listed in this brief, and no lobbying sector overlap data is available for inclusion.AI
Vulnerability Index AD-44
Base lean: D+77
Favorable D
Neutral
Favorable R
- Limited contested election data — registration lean used as primary signal
Scenario model: ±5pt national environment shift applied to district base lean (D+77). Base lean blends voter registration (40%) with recent contested general election margins (60%), using up to the last 4 general elections with margins under 40 points. Ratings: Safe D/R = 15+ pts, Likely = 8–14 pts, Lean = 3–7 pts, Toss-up = within 2 pts. Generic ballot from Silver Bulletin (Nate Silver), as of 5/1/2026. Not a prediction — reflects structural competitiveness under different cycle environments.
Electoral History AD-44
General Elections
| Year | Winner | Runner-up | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Robert C. Carroll 85.3% (47,081) | John L. Bennett 14.7% (8,087) | 70.6pts |
| 2022 | Robert C. Carroll 86.1% (37,337) | Brenda L. Horton 13.3% (5,766) | 72.8pts |
| 2020 | Robert C. Carroll 79.3% (37,457) | Salvatore P. Barrera 20.7% (9,804) | 58.6pts |
| 2018 | Robert C. Carroll 85.9% (29,902) | Yevgeny G. Goldberg 14.1% (4,890) | 71.8pts |
| 2016 | Robert C. Carroll 85.5% (34,779) | Glenn Nocera 14.5% (5,921) | 71.0pts |
| 2014 | James F. Brennan 85.2% (15,177) | Mike Yusupov 14.8% (2,628) | 70.4pts |
| 2012 | James F. Brennan 84.0% (28,344) | Catherine Fox 16.0% (5,389) | 68.0pts |
| 2010 | James F. Brennan 79.9% (16,423) | Alfred Caccamo 20.1% (4,124) | 59.8pts |
| 2008 | James F. Brennan 84.3% (26,490) | Yvette Velazquez Bennett 15.7% (4,919) | 68.6pts |
| 2006 | James F. Brennan 86.0% (16,169) | Yvette Valezquez Bennett 14.0% (2,635) | 72.0pts |
| 2004 | James F. Brennan 91.7% (23,382) | Lawrence Littlefield 4.2% (1,061) | 87.5pts |
| 2002 | James F. Brennan 80.7% (13,018) | Luke Vander Linden 19.3% (3,113) | 61.4pts |
| 2000 | James F. Brennan 83.9% (26,991) | Michael A. Sanchez 11.9% (3,831) | 72.0pts |
| 1998 | James F. Brennan 84.1% (18,359) | Maureen O'Dea 15.9% (3,477) | 68.2pts |
| 1996 | James F. Brennan 84.4% (20,844) | Evan Mc Neeley 15.6% (3,854) | 68.8pts |
Primary Elections
| Year | Winner | Runner-up | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 (Democratic) | Robert C. Carroll 90.0% (6,031) | R. M. Curry-Smithson 5.5% (369) | 84.5pts |
Source: NYS Board of Elections certified results. ⚡ = margin under 10 pts. District history reflects 2022 redistricted boundaries.
Voter Registration
District 44 Profile
Population
138,292
Median income
$128,641
Median rent
$2,259
Homeownership
37.5%
Education (BA+)
65.1%
Poverty rate
11.0%
Uninsured rate
3.3%
Unemployment rate
5.6%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2024).
Demographics
White
55.7%
Black
8.0%
Hispanic
15.3%
Asian
17.2%
Median age
37.5
Foreign born
27.9%
Limited English households
8.8%
Veterans
1.7%
Disability rate
8.6%
Commute Mode
Drive alone
12.8%
Public transit
42.2%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2024). Race and ethnicity figures may not sum to 100% — Hispanic/Latino is an ethnicity category that overlaps with racial groups.
Legislative Activity (2025–2026)
Bills sponsored
114
Floor debate appearances
25
Years in office
9
Bill sponsorship from NYS Open Legislation API. Joint hearing appearances from NYS Senate hearing transcripts.
Floor Session Activity 2025–2026
A10710
PASSED
2026-04-21
An act to amend the Insurance Law, in relation to including the recommendations of certain entities in the establishment of immunization administration regulations
The Assembly passed A10710, sponsored by Assemblyman Dilan, which amends Insurance Law to allow the Commissioner of Health to recommend immunizations for insurance coverage based on guidance from multiple medical organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and American College of Physicians, as well as other nationally or internationally-recognized scientific organizations. The bill would provide state-level protections should federal immunization policy change adversely. Assemblyman Blankenbush opposed the measure, questioning its necessity and expressing concern that a single commissioner could override federal recommendations when medical organizations disagree. He also criticized the bill's rapid advancement through committee and floor debate, suggesting political motivations. Sponsor Dilan characterized the bill as a safeguard for New York's 19 million residents while maintaining flexibility to adopt sound federal policy. The Majority Conference supported the bill while the Minority Conference generally opposed it, though individual votes could be cast at the desk.
A10711
2026-04-21
An act to amend the Public Health Law, in relation to immunization vaccines for children
The Assembly took up A10711, sponsored by Assemblywoman Paulin, which amends Public Health Law to allow the Commissioner of Health to base immunization standards on recommendations from multiple medical organizations rather than relying solely on the federal Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The bill was prompted by recent ACIP recommendations that eliminated six of 17 previously mandated vaccines, raising concerns among health commissioners nationwide. Paulin noted that other states with broader discretion for health commissioners were better protected from such changes. The legislation would allow the health commissioner to consider recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American College of Physicians, American Academy of Family Physicians, and other nationally or internationally-recognized scientific organizations. Assemblyman Jensen conducted extensive questioning about the bill's relationship to federal authority, the decision-making processes of the listed medical organizations, and whether the legislation adequately distinguishes between ACIP recommendations and CDC guidance. Paulin clarified the bill applies only to immunizations and vaccines, and that the health commissioner would maintain discretion in making recommendations.
A01556-G
2026-04-21
Food Safety and Chemical Disclosure Act
The Assembly debated A01556-G, the Food Safety and Chemical Disclosure Act, sponsored by Assemblywoman Kelles, which would ban three chemicals (Red Dye No. 3, potassium bromate, and propylparaben) and require manufacturers to disclose safety analysis data to the state. Kelles argued the disclosure requirement addresses a gap in federal law, where disclosure is voluntary, and noted the banned chemicals are already prohibited in multiple states and the EU. Assemblywoman Walsh, speaking for the minority, raised concerns about the bill's estimated $21 million cost over three years, potential 12% increases in grocery prices, and the creation of a new state regulatory burden that could cause companies to stop shipping products to New York. The bill includes a three-year transition period for retailers and exempts small businesses under 100 employees. The debate was ongoing at the end of the transcript segment, with additional members seeking to question the sponsor.
A01234
PASSED
2026-04-21
Vaccine recommendations and medical advisory standards
The Assembly passed a bill allowing New York's health commissioner to base vaccine recommendations on guidance from medical academies rather than solely on federal ACIP/CDC recommendations. During debate, Assemblyman Jensen questioned the transparency and peer-review standards of the academies, asking whether they publish recommendations annually and what would happen if different organizations provided conflicting guidance. Sponsor Assemblywoman Paulin responded that the academies are elected by pediatricians and that the bill gives the commissioner discretion to consider multiple organizations. Assemblywoman Walsh, speaking for the minority, characterized the bill as an overreaction to the current federal administration and noted opposition from the autism and disabilities community. The bill passed with the majority supporting it, though the minority conference voted against it.
A02017
DEFEATED
2026-04-21
Retirement income exemption expansion
The Assembly rejected a Motion to Discharge that would have brought A02017 to the floor for a vote on updating New York's retirement income tax exemption. The bill would expand the exemption—frozen at $20,000 since 1981—to reflect modern retirement savings vehicles and account for inflation. Sponsors argued the outdated exemption contributes to New York's affordability crisis and is driving seniors to relocate to neighboring states with more favorable retirement tax policies. The motion failed after procedural objections that bills should advance through committee rather than via discharge petition. The vote tally was not announced in the transcript.
A11010
PASSED
2026-04-20
Budget extender — appropriations for support of government through April 22, 2026
The Assembly passed a fifth budget extender (A11010) on Monday, extending state funding through April 22 and bringing total appropriations to $12.6 billion. Sponsored by Asm. Pretlow, the bill funds state operations, school aid payments, public health programs, unemployment insurance, and services for people with developmental disabilities. The vote came amid continued frustration from the minority, with Asm. Palmesano criticizing the lack of progress on major policy issues including tax proposals, auto insurance reform, and climate policies. Palmesano expressed concern that school districts and local governments lack the certainty needed to finalize budgets ahead of statutory deadlines. Pretlow acknowledged negotiations continue but provided no updates on specific policy language, noting that the Governor controls the timeline. The extender suggests another will be needed by Wednesday.
A10267
PASSED
2026-04-20
Amend Labor Law relating to New York State Workforce Development Board
A10342
PASSED
2026-04-20
Amend Labor Law relating to permitted deductions from wages — extend effectiveness
A10343
PASSED
2026-04-20
Amend Labor Law relating to fees and expenses in unemployment insurance proceedings
A10703
PASSED
2026-04-20
Direct Commissioner of Agriculture and Markets to conduct study on vertical farming
A02657-A
2026-04-20
Establish Electric Landscaping Equipment Rebate Program under NYSERDA
The Assembly took up debate on A02657-A, which would establish an Electric Landscaping Equipment Rebate Program under NYSERDA to help commercial landscapers, institutions, local governments, school districts, and nonprofits purchase electric lawn care equipment. Sponsor Asm. Otis noted that 69 communities in New York have adopted local laws restricting gas-powered equipment, and the rebate would help landscapers transition to electric equipment while remaining competitive. The program would cover equipment costs, battery charging, and related battery equipment, with NYSERDA responsible for program design.
A00340-A / S[NUMBER NOT SPECIFIED]
PASSED
2026-04-20
Manufactured home park rent increase justification requirements
The Assembly passed A00340-A, requiring manufactured home park owners to provide written justification for rent and fee increases exceeding 3 percent. The bill aims to protect vulnerable residents—many seniors and families on fixed incomes—from sudden burdensome increases. However, the measure drew significant opposition from those concerned it will discourage necessary infrastructure investment. Asm. Jensen warned the bill creates perverse economic incentives, making property owners less likely to invest in roads, sewer systems, water infrastructure, and electrical upgrades if they cannot easily recover costs through rent increases. He argued this could lead to aging infrastructure and declining conditions that ultimately harm residents more than protect them. Jensen called for amendments establishing a clear capital improvement recovery mechanism and differentiating between routine maintenance and capital investment. The bill passed on a party-line vote with the Majority Conference supporting and the Republican Conference generally opposed.
A07607
2026-04-20
Farmland for a New Generation Program
Asm. Bailey moved to discharge A07607 from the Agriculture Committee, seeking to put the Farmland for a New Generation Program into statute to ensure consistent annual funding. Bailey cited a farming crisis: New York lost 500 farms and 100,000 acres of farmland in 2024-2025 alone, with 35 percent of the state's farmers over 65 and 25 percent nearing retirement age. She warned that without statutory authority ensuring year-to-year funding, two million additional acres of farmland face loss. Bailey argued the program is critical for succession planning and helping younger farmers enter the industry. The motion to discharge was made but no vote was recorded in this transcript segment. Asm. Tague raised a procedural objection, questioning whether questions could be asked during a Motion to Discharge proceeding.
A11010
PASSED
2026-04-20
Budget extender — appropriations for support of government through April 22, 2026
The Assembly passed its fifth consecutive budget extender (A11010), extending state funding through April 22, 2026, as negotiations between the Legislature and Governor Hochul remain stalled on major policy issues. Sponsor Asm. Pretlow said the measure appropriates $12.6 billion total and includes school aid payments, administrative payroll, public health programs, unemployment insurance, and support for OPWDD and veterans services. Minority Leader Asm. Palmesano criticized the repeated extensions and lack of transparency, noting that school districts face statutory deadlines to finalize budgets and send military ballots by Friday without knowing their final aid allocations. He also raised concerns about local governments needing certainty for infrastructure projects and questioned whether the Governor's structural control over the budget process, established by the Silver v. Pataki court ruling, gives the executive disproportionate leverage. Palmesano noted no substantive language has been shared on the Governor's proposed tax increases, SEQRA changes, auto insurance reform, immigration proposals, Tier 6 pension changes, or climate policies. He argued that late budgets, high taxes, and regulatory mandates are driving out-migration from New York. Pretlow acknowledged the Legislature's diminished authority under Silver v. Pataki and said rebalancing that power would require a constitutional amendment. Palmesano voted for the extender to keep government open but said the Legislature must "get to work and do the right thing" for constituents.
A10267
PASSED
2026-04-20
Amend Labor Law relating to New York State Workforce Development Board
A10342
PASSED
2026-04-20
Amend Labor Law relating to permitted deductions from wages — extend effectiveness
A10343
PASSED
2026-04-20
Amend Labor Law relating to fees and expenses in unemployment insurance proceedings
A10703
PASSED
2026-04-20
Authorize Commissioner of Agriculture and Markets to conduct study on vertical farming
A02657-A
2026-04-20
Establish Electric Landscaping Equipment Rebate Program under NYSERDA
A00340-A / S[NUMBER NOT SPECIFIED]
PASSED
2026-04-20
Manufactured Home Park Rent Increase Justification Requirements
The Assembly passed A00340-A, legislation clarifying rent increase notification requirements in manufactured home parks. The bill requires community owners to provide written justification when notifying residents of rent or fee increases exceeding 3 percent, with documentation available upon request. Sponsor Asm. Barrett presented it as a consumer protection measure for vulnerable residents. However, Asm. Jensen raised concerns that the bill could backfire by discouraging property owners from investing in necessary infrastructure improvements like road repaving, sewer system upgrades, and water system modernization. Jensen argued that by making it harder to recover capital improvement costs through rent increases, the bill creates economic disincentives for investment, potentially leading to aging infrastructure and declining conditions that ultimately harm residents. He called for clearer mechanisms to allow cost recovery and differentiation between routine maintenance and capital improvements. The Republican Conference voted generally in opposition while the Majority Conference supported passage. Specific vote totals were not announced.
A07607
2026-04-20
Farmland for a New Generation Program
Mrs. Bailey moved to discharge A07607, the Farmland for a New Generation Program, from the Agriculture Committee for immediate consideration. The bill would codify the program into statute to ensure consistent annual funding. Bailey cited a farming crisis, noting New York lost 500 farms and 100,000 acres of farmland in 2024-2025 alone, with 80 percent of losses from small farms. She emphasized that 35 percent of New York's farmers are over 65, with 25 percent nearing retirement, putting two million additional acres at risk without the program's continuation. Bailey argued that putting the program into statute would provide the long-term certainty needed for succession planning and to encourage younger farmers to enter the industry. The motion was in order, but the transcript ends before a vote was taken. Asm. Tague raised a procedural question about whether questions could be asked during a Motion to Discharge proceeding.
A11000
PASSED
2026-04-16
An act making appropriations for the support of government; to amend Chapter 98, 100, and 102 of the Laws of 2026, relating to making appropriations for the support of government
The Assembly passed a fourth budget extender (A11000) on Thursday, April 16th, authorizing $79.1 million in additional appropriations to fund State operations through April 20th. Sponsored by Asm. Pretlow, the bill includes funding for emergency payroll, unemployment insurance, public health programs, MTA support, OPWDD, and veterans programs. The total appropriations to date across three extenders reached $7.5 billion. Asm. Palmesano criticized the repeated extenders as a failure of process and leadership, noting the Assembly has passed four extenders since April 1st while nine budget bills remain unpassed. He also questioned the late introduction of new tax proposals without proper analysis and expressed concern that school districts lack budget certainty as they prepare their own budgets. Palmesano voted yes but called the extender "another Albany budget failure."
A11000
PASSED
2026-04-16
An act making appropriations for the support of government; to amend Chapter 98 of the Laws of 2026, Chapter 100 of the Laws of 2026, and Chapter 102 of the Laws of 2026, relating to making appropriations for the support of government
The Assembly passed A11000, a fourth budget extender since April 1st, providing $7.5 billion in appropriations to fund State operations through April 20th. Sponsored by Asm. Pretlow, the bill includes funding for emergency payroll, unemployment insurance, public health programs, MTA support, OPWDD, and veterans programs. Asm. Palmesano criticized the measure as symptomatic of institutional failure, noting the Legislature has now passed four extenders while nine additional budget bills remain unpassed. Palmesano also questioned the lack of analysis on newly proposed tax measures introduced after public budget hearings concluded, and expressed concern about the feasibility of climate and electric school bus mandates under discussion. The bill passed without recorded vote tallies being announced in the transcript.
A10935
PASSED
2026-04-13
Budget extender bill making appropriations for support of government through April 16, 2026; amending Chapters 98 and 100 of the Laws of 2026
The Assembly passed a budget extender bill (A10935) on April 13 that extends state spending authority through April 16 as negotiations on the full fiscal year budget continue. Sponsored by Asm. Pretlow, the measure provides $3.4 billion in funding for institutional payroll, public health programs, unemployment insurance, public assistance, veterans programs, and general state charges. This marks the third extender since the April 1 budget deadline, with total spending of $7.4 billion across all three extensions. Asm. Palmesano questioned the lack of progress on major policy issues including auto insurance reforms, climate proposals, and tax increases, criticizing the closed-door negotiation process and calling for greater transparency and public accountability. Despite his concerns about the budget process, Palmesano voted yes, stating the extender is necessary to maintain government operations and pay state employees. The bill passed without recorded vote tallies in the transcript.
A10935
PASSED
2026-04-13
Budget extender bill making appropriations for support of government through April 16, 2026; amending Chapters 98 and 100 of the Laws of 2026
The Assembly passed a $3.4 billion budget extender (A10935) on Monday that extends state funding through April 16 as negotiations on the full state budget continue. Sponsored by Asm. Pretlow, the measure covers institutional payroll, public health programs, unemployment insurance, public assistance, and veterans programs. This is the third extender since the April 1 budget deadline, bringing total extender spending to $7.4 billion. During debate, Asm. Palmesano pressed Pretlow on unresolved policy issues including auto insurance reforms, climate proposals, and tax increases, criticizing the lack of transparency in closed-door negotiations. Pretlow acknowledged policy discussions remain stalled and expressed hope the next extender would be final, though he was not optimistic. Palmesano voted yes despite his criticism, calling the extender necessary to keep government open but cautioning that supporting it should not be mistaken for supporting the budget process itself. The bill passed without recorded vote tallies in the transcript.
Source: Official NY Assembly floor session transcripts (Granicus). AI-processed. Includes sessions from 2023 onward where transcripts are available.
Bill Focus Areas 2025–2026
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Grouped by law section from sponsored Assembly bills. Source: NYS Open Legislation API.
Lobbying Activity
No lobbying disclosures on record for this member in the available dataset (JCOPE filings targeting Assembly members).
Source: NY Commission on Ethics and Lobbying in Government via data.ny.gov.