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D
Asm. Jonathan Jacobson
District 104
Democrat
First elected 2019
Jonathan Jacobson has represented AD-104, a D+23 district in New York's Hudson Valley, since first being elected in 2019, and faces no meaningful electoral threat — he ran uncontested in both 2022 and 2024, and his district carries a base lean of D+28, rated Safe D across all modeled scenarios. The district has a median household income of $83,797, a 13.2% poverty rate, and a racially diverse population that is 49.7% white, 27.6% Hispanic, and 18.9% Black, with Democrats holding a 44.8% to 22.2% registration advantage over Republicans and 27.6% of voters registered as Independent. In the 2025 session, Jacobson sponsored 93 bills, with the heaviest concentration in Election law (16 bills), Public Service (13 bills), and Education (7 bills), and his floor activity reflects a particular focus on utility regulation and election law reform. Top lobbying sectors active in his district align with his Public Service and Labor sponsorship areas, and his single joint hearing engagement reflects limited cross-chamber legislative collaboration in the current session.AI
Vulnerability Index AD-104
Base lean: D+28
Favorable D
Neutral
Favorable R
- Limited contested election data — registration lean used as primary signal
- Ran uncontested in most recent election
Scenario model: ±5pt national environment shift applied to district base lean (D+28). Base lean blends voter registration (40%) with recent contested general election margins (60%), using up to the last 4 general elections with margins under 40 points. Ratings: Safe D/R = 15+ pts, Likely = 8–14 pts, Lean = 3–7 pts, Toss-up = within 2 pts. Generic ballot from Silver Bulletin (Nate Silver), as of 5/1/2026. Not a prediction — reflects structural competitiveness under different cycle environments.
Electoral History AD-104
General Elections
| Year | Winner | Runner-up | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Jonathan G. Jacobson 100.0% (37,275) | Uncontested | — |
| 2022 | Jonathan G. Jacobson 100.0% (24,411) | Uncontested | — |
| 2020 | Jonathan G. Jacobson 64.4% (30,912) | Andrew Gauzza, IV 35.6% (17,101) | 28.8pts |
| 2018 | Jonathan G. Jacobson 60.1% (21,585) | Scott M. Manley 39.9% (14,348) | 20.2pts |
| 2016 | Frank Skartados 81.0% (27,959) | William C. Banuchi, Sr. 19.0% (6,576) | 62.0pts |
| 2014 | Frank Skartados 60.1% (14,371) | Sakima A. Green-Brown 39.9% (9,533) | 20.2pts |
| 2012 | Frank K. Skartados 67.5% (27,000) | Christine M. Bello 32.5% (12,979) | 35.0pts |
| 2010 | John J. McEneny 62.0% (25,893) | Deborah M. Busch 38.0% (15,850) | 24.0pts |
| 2008 | John J. McEneny 78.9% (43,367) | Terrence В. O'Neill 21.1% (11,563) | 57.8pts |
| 2006 | John J. McEneny 100.0% (36,806) | Uncontested | — |
| 2004 | John J. McEneny 74.5% (40,795) | Joseph A. Sorce 25.5% (13,934) | 49.0pts |
| 2002 | John J. McEneny 74.9% (33,045) | Kerry L. Murphy 21.0% (9,271) | 53.9pts |
| 2000 | John J. McEneny 77.5% (39,967) | Thomas C. Hoey 22.5% (11,619) | 55.0pts |
| 1998 | John J. Mc Eneny 71.6% (31,534) | Lisa Hampton 25.0% (11,006) | 46.6pts |
| 1996 | John J. Mc Eneny 73.0% (37,909) | David А. Schnell 19.8% (10,260) | 53.2pts |
Primary Elections
| Year | Winner | Runner-up | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 (Democratic) | Jonathan G. Jacobson 27.8% (2,320) | Kevindaryan Lujan 22.3% (1,862) | ⚡ 5.5pts |
Source: NYS Board of Elections certified results. ⚡ = margin under 10 pts. District history reflects 2022 redistricted boundaries.
Voter Registration
District 104 Profile
Population
137,605
Median income
$83,797
Median rent
$1,520
Homeownership
56.3%
Education (BA+)
33.1%
Poverty rate
13.2%
Uninsured rate
6.7%
Unemployment rate
6.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2024).
Demographics
White
49.7%
Black
18.9%
Hispanic
27.6%
Asian
2.1%
Median age
40.1
Foreign born
16.2%
Limited English households
4.1%
Veterans
4.5%
Disability rate
15.5%
Commute Mode
Drive alone
66.1%
Public transit
5.1%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2024). Race and ethnicity figures may not sum to 100% — Hispanic/Latino is an ethnicity category that overlaps with racial groups.
Legislative Activity (2025–2026)
Bills sponsored
93
Joint hearing appearances
1
Floor debate appearances
25
Years in office
7
Bill sponsorship from NYS Open Legislation API. Joint hearing appearances from NYS Senate hearing transcripts.
Floor Session Activity 2025–2026
A08480
PASSED
2026-03-09
An act to amend the Workers' Compensation Law, in relation to payment of certain awards for disability
A08482
LAID ASIDE
2026-03-09
An act to amend the Workers' Compensation Law, in relation to prohibiting insurance carriers and employers from withholding certain benefits from injured workers based on attachment to the labor market
A09441
PASSED
2026-01-20
Consideration of capital expenditures by a utility proposing a major change in rates
The Assembly passed A09441, sponsored by Assemblymember Jacobson, requiring utilities to provide greater transparency regarding capital expenditures when proposing rate increases. The bill mandates utilities explain on a per-project basis the purpose, need, total cost, and benefits to ratepayers, with information posted on the Public Service Commission website. Jacobson argued the measure is necessary to address ongoing rate increases and provide ratepayers with critical information about how utilities justify rate hikes.
A05234
2025-06-11
Eliminating Automatic Cross-Endorsement for Judicial Candidates
A00584-C
PASSED
2025-06-11
Judicial Candidate Cross-Endorsement Authorization - requires judicial candidates to obtain party authorization (Wilson-Pakula) to run in another party's primary
The Assembly passed legislation requiring judicial candidates to obtain party authorization before running in another party's primary, a requirement similar to those applied to other candidates under the Wilson-Pakula law. Sponsor Assemblyman Jacobson argued the bill ensures voters understand that candidates on a party line share that party's values, noting most voters decide based on party affiliation when unfamiliar with candidates. Supporters including Assemblywoman Lunsford contended judges already run on party lines, making them inherently political, and the bill simply clarifies voter expectations without further politicizing the judiciary. Opponents including Assemblyman Durso and Sempolinski argued the bill gives party committees gatekeeping power over judicial candidates and undermines the principle that judges should represent all parties and remain apolitical. Assemblyman Steck cited practical examples of judges abusing the current system by enrolling voters in minor parties without genuine affiliation. The bill passed on a slow roll call vote.
A08480
PASSED
2025-06-09
An act to amend the Workers' Compensation Law, in relation to payment of certain awards for disability
A05031-A
PASSED
2025-06-09
An act to amend the Banking Law, in relation to establishing criteria for the closure of banking accounts in the State of New York
The Assembly passed A05031-A, sponsored by Asm. Jacobson, requiring State-chartered banks to provide 60 days' notice and written explanation before closing customer accounts, with funds returned within 60 days of closure. The bill does not preempt Federal law. Debate focused on whether the notice requirement could interfere with law enforcement investigations into financial crimes. Sponsor Jacobson argued the bill protects consumers from unexpected account closures that cause bounced checks and financial hardship, and does not prevent banks from complying with Federal law enforcement orders. Opponent Asm. Bologna raised concerns that the bill lacks explicit exemptions for State law enforcement agencies investigating fraud, money laundering, and terrorism, and could burden State-chartered banks already struggling to compete with Federal institutions. Supporter Asm. Peoples-Stokes cited real instances where banks closed accounts without notification, leaving customers unaware their money had been turned over to the Comptroller's Unclaimed Funds account. The bill takes effect immediately.
A08480
PASSED
2025-06-09
An act to amend the Workers' Compensation Law, in relation to payment of certain awards for disability
A05031-A
PASSED
2025-06-09
An act to amend the Banking Law, in relation to establishing criteria for the closure of banking accounts in the State of New York
The Assembly passed A05031-A, sponsored by Asm. Jacobson, requiring State-chartered banks to provide 60 days' notice and written explanation before closing customer accounts, with funds returned within 60 days of closure. The bill aims to protect consumers from unexpected account closures that can result in bounced checks and financial hardship. Jacobson noted the measure does not preempt Federal law enforcement actions. However, Asm. Bologna raised concerns that the bill lacks explicit exemptions for State law enforcement investigations into fraud, money laundering, and terrorism, and warned it could disadvantage State-chartered banks and credit unions already struggling to compete with Federal-chartered institutions. Asm. Peoples-Stokes supported the measure, citing instances where banks closed accounts without notice and funds ended up unclaimed. The bill takes effect immediately.
A03649-B / S01356-A
PASSED
2025-06-06
An act to amend the Election Law and the Vehicle and Traffic Law, in relation to joining multistate voter list maintenance organizations
The Assembly passed legislation authorizing New York to join the Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC), a bipartisan multistate voter list maintenance organization used by 24 states and the District of Columbia. Sponsored by Asm. Taylor, the bill aims to improve voter roll accuracy by cross-referencing state voter registration data with publicly available information from the U.S. Post Office and Social Security Administration to identify deceased voters and those who have moved. The state will pay $150,000 in startup costs and $25,000 in annual dues. During debate, Asm. Sempolinski secured clarifications that ERIC does not remove voters but provides information for state verification, that confidential voter information (for domestic violence victims and others) is protected and not shared with ERIC, and that all information shared is already publicly available. The bill includes protections requiring mailings to unregistered voters to clearly state citizenship requirements and prohibiting the Commissioner from knowingly providing information on non-citizens. Asm. Jacobson noted the bill will help restore public confidence in elections by addressing concerns about voter roll accuracy.
A08275
PASSED
2025-06-06
An act to amend Chapter 668 of the Laws of 1977, amending the Volunteer Firefighters' Benefit Law relating to disability due to disease or malfunction of the heart or coronary arteries, in relation to the effectiveness thereof
A08276
PASSED
2025-06-06
An act to amend Chapter 606 of the Laws of 2006 amending the Volunteer Firefighters' Benefit Law relating to creating a presumption relating to certain lung disabilities incurred by volunteer firefighters, in relation to the effectiveness of such chapter
The Assembly passed A08276, sponsored by Assemblywoman Levenberg, extending vital protections for volunteer firefighters suffering from lung disease incurred in the line of duty. The legislation ensures that the presumption linking service to disabling lung conditions remains in effect through 2030, allowing firefighters access to benefits. Levenberg noted that these brave individuals serve communities selflessly at great personal risk and deserve security knowing their sacrifices will be recognized and their health needs covered.
S02182-A / A05969-A
2025-06-05
An act to amend the Public Service Law, in relation to permitting the rendering of an estimated bill from a utility corporation or municipality under certain circumstances
A06558
PASSED
2025-06-05
Utility Billing — Estimated Billing Restrictions
The New York State Assembly passed legislation sponsored by Assemblyman Jacobson on June 5 to restrict utility companies' use of estimated billing and require actual meter readings. The bill was prompted by billing problems at Central Hudson that affected Hudson Valley constituents. Jacobson argued that estimated billing prevents customers from accurately comparing monthly usage and that penalties are necessary to deter utilities from using estimates. The bill provides that customers receive free service if they receive a second consecutive estimated bill, creating an incentive for utilities to obtain actual readings. Assemblyman Palmesano raised concerns that the Public Service Commission already has regulatory authority over estimated billing, that Central Hudson's estimated billing rate is only 0.07 percent, and that the bill lacks exemptions for health and safety issues and equipment failure. He also argued the real issue driving constituent complaints is rising utility costs caused by green energy mandates, not estimated billing. Assemblyman Eachus countered that existing PSC rules have been ineffective for decades and that Central Hudson's billing problems caused thousands in customer losses. The bill passed on a party-line vote, with the Majority Conference voting in favor and the Minority Conference voting in opposition.
A08465
PASSED
2025-06-05
An act to amend the Labor Law, in relation to prevailing wage for those involved in the hauling of concrete and asphalt
The Assembly passed A08465, a multi-sponsored bill amending Labor Law to establish prevailing wage requirements for those involved in hauling concrete and asphalt. The measure was considered on the consent calendar. Asm. Palmesano voted against the bill, citing concerns that the term 'public works website' is not defined and questioning whether utilities performing excavation work would be required to pay prevailing wage for hauling under the legislation. Palmesano expressed concern that such requirements could increase costs passed to ratepayers at a time when utility rates are rising across the board.
A08465
2025-05-29
An act to amend the Labor Law, in relation to prevailing wage for those involved in the hauling of concrete and asphalt
A02736-A
PASSED
2025-05-27
An act to amend the Public Service Law, in relation to consideration of capital expenditures in utility rate proceedings
A08482
PASSED
2025-05-27
An act to amend the Workers' Compensation Law, in relation to prohibiting insurance carriers and employers from withholding certain benefits from injured workers based on attachment to the labor market
The Assembly passed legislation eliminating the requirement that workers with temporary partial or temporary full disabilities demonstrate ongoing attachment to the labor market to receive workers' compensation benefits. Sponsor Assemblywoman Cruz argued the requirement is onerous for injured workers undergoing physical therapy and healing, while opponents including Assemblywoman Walsh contended it is a reasonable safeguard against fraud comparable to work-search requirements for unemployment benefits. The bill clarifies that workers must still return to work once medically cleared and that the Workers' Compensation Board can still investigate suspected fraud. Former Workers' Compensation Judge Jacobson testified that nearly all his clients wanted to return to work but faced barriers including denial of treatment. The measure is expected to save the Workers' Compensation Board significant litigation costs related to labor market attachment disputes.
A02736-A
PASSED
2025-05-27
An act to amend the Public Service Law, in relation to consideration of capital expenditures in utility rate proceedings
A08482
PASSED
2025-05-27
An act to amend the Workers' Compensation Law, in relation to prohibiting insurance carriers and employers from withholding certain benefits from injured workers based on attachment to the labor market
The Assembly passed legislation on May 27 that would eliminate the requirement for workers with temporary partial or temporary full disabilities to demonstrate ongoing attachment to the labor market to receive workers' compensation benefits. Sponsored by Assemblywoman Cruz, the bill drew sharp debate over whether the requirement is an onerous burden on injured workers or a reasonable safeguard against fraud. Cruz argued the requirement forces workers undergoing physical therapy to simultaneously job-hunt, diverting focus from healing. Assemblywoman Walsh countered that the requirement is comparable to work-search obligations for unemployment and public assistance recipients and expressed concerns about potential malingering. The bill passed on a party-line vote, with the Majority voting affirmatively and the Minority Conference voting in the negative. Assemblyman Jacobson, a former Workers' Compensation judge, spoke in favor, noting that most injured workers want to return to work but face barriers including denial of treatment.
A01241-A
PASSED
2025-05-15
An act to repeal Section 17-140 of the Election Law relating to furnishing money or entertainment to induce attendance at polls (line-warming ban)
The Assembly passed A01241-A, sponsored by Asm. Simon, repealing Section 17-140 of the Election Law, which had criminalized providing food and water to voters waiting in polling lines. The repeal follows a May 30th federal court ruling (Brooklyn Branch NAACP v. Kosinski) that found the line-warming ban unconstitutional, with no compelling state interest in the prohibition. The bill allows distribution of nominal-value items such as water and snacks to voters on line, addressing concerns about long polling lines that can discourage voting participation. Debate centered on enforcement concerns regarding the 100-foot electioneering rule, with opponents worried that campaign-branded items could inadvertently be carried into polling places by voters. Sponsor Simon and supporters argued the 100-foot rule remains independently enforceable and that concerns are no different from existing prohibitions on campaign buttons or literature. The Republican Conference voted in opposition; the Majority Conference voted in favor with allowances for individual exceptions. Vote tallies were not announced in the transcript.
A04938
PASSED
2025-05-05
An act to amend the Labor Law, in relation to providing protections for telecommunications tower technicians
A355
PASSED
2025-04-28
An act to amend the Real Property Tax Law, in relation to partially exempting from taxation certain residential real property transferred to low-income households
A01820-A
PASSED
2025-04-02
An act to amend the Real Property Law, in relation to requiring the modification of restrictive covenants prior to the sale of real property
The Assembly passed legislation requiring the removal of discriminatory restrictive covenants from property deeds before sale. The bill prohibits covenants based on race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, familial status, marital status, disability, and national origin. Sponsor Asm. Steck argued the measure is necessary to codify protections in state law given recent federal rollbacks of segregation prohibitions, and that removing covenants at closing is far cheaper than subsequent litigation. Asm. Jacobson supported the bill, citing the overturning of Roe v. Wade as evidence that court precedents cannot be relied upon. Asm. Walsh opposed the measure, arguing that race-based restrictions have been illegal for 77 years and are already removed in practice by attorneys and title companies; she contended the bill's broad scope could affect legitimate interests of religious and Native American communities. The Republican Conference opposed the bill; the Democratic majority supported it.
A01241-A
LAID ASIDE
2025-04-01
Repeal section 17-40 of the Election Law relating to furnishing money and entertainment to induce attendance at polls
Source: Official NY Assembly floor session transcripts (Granicus). AI-processed. Includes sessions from 2023 onward where transcripts are available.
Bill Focus Areas 2025–2026
bills
bills
bills
bills
bills
bills
bills
bills
Grouped by law section from sponsored Assembly bills. Source: NYS Open Legislation API.
Lobbying Activity
No lobbying disclosures on record for this member in the available dataset (JCOPE filings targeting Assembly members).
Source: NY Commission on Ethics and Lobbying in Government via data.ny.gov.